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    • Home
    • About
    • TESTING
      • No Cost Water Analysis
      • Certified Water Testing
    • PRODUCTS
      • Ultimate Guide
      • System Service
      • Replacement Water Filters
      • Reverse Osmosis Systems
      • Softeners & Conditioners
      • Commercial Water Solution
      • Tankless RO System
    • Water Resource Center
      • Water Contaminants Guide
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EcoWater Spokane
  • Home
  • About
  • TESTING
    • No Cost Water Analysis
    • Certified Water Testing
  • PRODUCTS
    • Ultimate Guide
    • System Service
    • Replacement Water Filters
    • Reverse Osmosis Systems
    • Softeners & Conditioners
    • Commercial Water Solution
    • Tankless RO System
  • Water Resource Center
    • Water Contaminants Guide
    • FAQ's
    • Blog
    • Complimentary Gift
    • PFAS Water Filters
    • Water Contaminants List
  • Careers

COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS

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Welcome to your comprehensive guide to drinking water contaminants! Learn signs of drinking water contaminants, where to find water testing, who to choose for water treatment and different water treatment options.

GLOSSARY

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Drinking Water ContaminantsWater Testing & FiltrationDrinking Water SystemsWater FiltersStart Your JourneySources

DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS

Getting a passing grade from the federal government does not mean the water meets the latest health guidelines. Legal limits for contaminants in tap water have not been updated in almost 20 years  —  and have not been reviewed in over 40 years. 


The Clean Water Act of 1977 only covered a minimal amount of conventional, non-conventional, and toxic pollutants. It extended the compliance deadlines for industries acting in good faith and enhanced the industrial pretreatment program to safeguard municipal treatment plants. It did not focus on drinking water quality. The legal limits for drinking water quality have not advanced to follow the information we have learned since the 70’s — we’ve discovered more about how drinking water contaminants affect the body. 


According to Rebecca Fry, PhD at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, “Some contaminants in well water, like bacteria and nitrates, can cause short-term illnesses (such as stomach problems, diarrhea, nausea). This may be especially dangerous for certain high-risk populations such as small children, pregnant women, [the] elderly, or people with a compromised immune system. Drinking water with high levels of contamination for many years may increase the risk of long-term (chronic) diseases such as anemia, high blood pressure, and in some cases, cancer.” 


Not all bacteria are harmful. Some bacteria are classified as "nuisance bacteria" as it does not cause bodily harm. 


Local Water Quality Quick Links:


  • Spokane, WA water quality 
  • Deer Park, WA water quality
  • Coeur d’Alene, ID water quality 
  • Post Falls, ID water quality 


Check your local water contamination: https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/



Nuisance Organisms

  • Iron bacteria
  • Sulfur bacteria
  • Manganese bacteria


SIGNS OF NUISANCE BACTERIA (NO BODILY HARM)


  • Yellow, orange, purple or brown stains in the water
  • Rainbow sheen on the water
  • Slimy buildup on plumbing fixtures
  • Swampy smell
  • Rotten egg smell
  • Black stains on plumbing fixtures
  • Corroded metal piping
  • Discoloration of silverware
  • The smell worsens with hot water


SOURCE


  • Soil
  • Sediment
  • Shallow groundwater
  • Surface water 
  • Environments rich in hydrogen sulfide 



Harmful Microogranisms

  • Cryptosporidium
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Legionella
  • Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and E. Coli)
  • Viruses (enteric)



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MICROORGANISM CONTAMINATION


  • Gastrointestinal illnesses, such as diarrhea, vomiting, or cramping. 
  • Legionnaire's Disease, a type of pneumonia 
  • Cloudiness of water 
  • Unusual taste or odor of water



SOURCE


  • Human and Fecal Waste 



Disinfection Byproducts

  • Bromate
  • Chlorite
  • Haloacetic acids
  • Total Trihalomethanes 



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT CONTAMINATION


  • Anemia
  • Nervous system effects in infants and young children
  • Increased risk of cancer
  • Liver, kidney, or central nervous system problems



SOURCE

  • A byproduct of drinking water disinfection

Disinfectants

  • Chloramines 
  • Chlorine 
  • Chlorine dioxide 



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISINFECTANT CONTAMINATION


  • Eye/nose irritation
  • Stomach discomfort
  • Anemia
  • Nervous system effects in infants and young children



SOURCE

  • Water additive used to control microbes



Inorganic Chemicals

  • Antimony
  • Arsenic
  • Asbestos 
  • Barium
  • Beryllium
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium 
  • Copper
  • Cyanide 
  • Fluoride
  • Lead
  • Mercury (inorganic)
  • Nitrate 
  • Nitrite 



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INORGANIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION


  • Increase in blood cholesterol
  • Decrease in blood sugar 
  • Skin damage or problems with circulatory systems
  • Potential increased risk of cancer
  • Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps
  • Increase in blood pressure
  • Intestinal lesions
  • Kidney damage
  • Allergic dermatitis
  • Gastrointestinal distress
  • Liver damage
  • Nerve damage
  • Thyroid problems
  • Bone disease
  • Mottled teeth in children
  • Delays in physical or mental development in infants or children
  • Slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities in children 
  • High blood pressure 
  • Shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome in infants below the age of six months or who drink nitrates or nitrites. Risk of death.
  • Hair or fingernail loss
  • Numbness in fingers or toes
  • Circulatory problems 
  • Changes in blood
  • Intestine problems 
  • Unpleasant taste or odor of water
  • Brown, yellow, or orange discoloration of water



SOURCES


  • Discharge from petroleum refineries
  • Fire retardants
  • Ceramics
  • Electronics
  • Solder
  • Erosion of natural deposits
  • Runoff from orchards
  • Runoff from glass production wastes
  • Decay of asbestos cement in water mains
  • Erosion of natural deposits
  • Discharge of drilling wastes
  • Discharge from metal refineries
  • Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories
  • Discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries
  • Corrosion of galvanized pipes
  • Runoff from waste batteries and paints
  • Discharge from steel and pulp mills
  • Corrosion of household plumbing systems
  • Discharge from steel/metal factories
  • Discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories
  • Water additive which promotes strong teeth
  • Discharge from aluminum factories
  • Runoff from landfills and croplands
  • Leaking from septic tanks
  • Sewage
  • Discharge from petroleum refineries 
  • Discharge from mines
  • Leaching from ore-processing sites
  • Discharge from drug factories



Organic Chemicals

  • Acrylamide
  • Alachlor
  • Atrazine
  • Benzene
  • Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
  • Carbofuran
  • Carbon tetrachloride
  • Chlordane
  • Chlorobenzene
  • 2,4-D
  • Dalapon
  • 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
  • o-Dichlorobenzene
  • p-Dichlorobenzene
  • 1,2-Dichloroethane
  • 1,1-Dichloroethylene
  • cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
  • trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
  • Dichloromethane
  • 1,2-Dichloropropane
  • Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
  • Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
  • Dinoseb
  • Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
  • Diquat
  • Endothall
  • Endrin
  • Epichlorohydrin
  • Ethylbenzene
  • Ethylene dibromide
  • Glyphosate
  • Heptachlor
  • Heptachlor epoxide
  • Hexachlorobenzene
  • Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
  • Lindane
  • Methoxychlor
  • Oxamyl (Vydate)
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
  • Pentachlorophenol
  • Picloram
  • Simazine
  • Styrene
  • Tetrachloroethylene
  • Toluene
  • Toxaphene
  • 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
  • 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
  • 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
  • 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
  • Trichloroethylene
  • Vinyl chloride
  • Xylenes



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION


  • Nervous system problems
  • Blood problems
  • Increased risk of cancer 
  • Eye problems
  • Kidney problems
  • Spleen problems
  • Anemia
  • Reproductive difficulties
  • Liver problems
  • Adrenal gland problems
  • Weight loss
  • Cataracts
  • Stomach and intestinal problems
  • Slight nervous system effects
  • Skin changes
  • Thymus gland problems 
  • Immune deficiencies 
  • Circulatory problems 
  • Immune system problems
  • Chemical taste/smell



SOURCES 


  • Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment
  • Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
  • Leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills
  • Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines
  • Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa
  • Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities
  • Residue of banned termiticide
  • Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories
  • Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way
  • Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards
  • Discharge from rubber factories
  • Runoff from herbicides used on soybeans and vegetables
  • Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion
  • Residue of banned insecticide
  • An impurity of some water treatment chemicals
  • Discharge from petroleum refineries and factories
  • Residue of banned termiticide
  • Breakdown of heptachlor
  • Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories
  • Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, cotton, lumber, gardens, fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock, apples, potatoes, and tomatoes
  • Runoff from landfills 
  • Discharge of waste chemicals
  • Discharge from wood-preserving factories
  • Discharge from dry cleaners
  • Residue of banned herbicide
  • Discharge from textile finishing factories
  • Discharge from metal degreasing sites 
  • Leaching from PVC pipes



Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

  • PFAS (HFPO-DA, PFBS, PFHxS, and PFNA)
  • HFPO-DA (commonly known as GenX Chemicals)
  • PFBS
  • PFHxS
  • PFNA
  • PFOA
  • PFOS



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PFAS CONTAMINATION


  • Liver effects
  • Immune effects
  • Thyroid effects
  • Developmental and thyroid effects following repeated exposure during pregnancy and/or childhood
  • Kidney effects
  • Potential concern for cancer
  • Elevated cholesterol levels
  • Cardiovascular effects
  • Increased incidence of kidney and testicular cancer



SOURCES


  • Discharge from manufacturing and industrial chemical facilities
  • Use of certain consumer products
  • Occupational exposures
  • Certain firefighting activities



Radionuclides

  • Alpha particles
  • Beta particles and photon emitters
  • Radium 226 and Radium 228 (combined)
  • Uranium



SYMPTOMS OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION (NO VISIBLE SIGNS)

  • Increased risk of cancer
  • Kidney toxicity



SOURCES


  • Erosion of natural deposits
  • Erosion of certain minerals that are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation
  • Decay of natural and man-made deposits of certain minerals that are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation



Flouride

SOURCE


  • Rocks & soil in aquifers & private wells



SYMPTOMS (NO VISIBLE SIGNS)


  • Skeletal fluorosis, (pain and tenderness of bones and joints)
  • May cause dental fluorosis (during a formative period of tooth enamel)
  • Tooth discoloration
  • Pitting of teeth



CONTACT A WATER EXPERT

WATER TESTING & FILTRATION

Water testing differs significantly based on what you are looking for. Ensure you get your water tested at a certified laboratory (state-certified or EPA-certified) as they follow health standards and regulations. 


If you’re looking to purchase a water testing kit, SimpleLabs offers certified mail-in water testing kits. If you're in the Eastern Washington or Northern Idaho area, EcoWater Spokane offers certified complimentary water testing. Contact us to get started. 


Certain companies can get away with selling water filtration systems that don’t filter certain water contaminants. Make sure the company or lab you go 

through meets industry standards. 


Certifications to look for:


  • NSF/ANSI 42
    • Filters are certified to reduce aesthetic impurities such as chlorine and taste/odor. These can be point-of-use (under the sink, water pitcher, etc.) or point-of-entry (whole house) treatment systems.


  • NSF/ANSI 53
    • Filters are certified to reduce a contaminant with a Health Canada and EPA. health eect. Health eects are set in this standard as regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Health Canada. Both standards 42 and 53 cover adsorption/filtration which is a process that occurs when liquid, gas or dissolved/suspended matter adheres to the surface of, or in the pores of, an adsorbent media. Carbon filters are an example of this type of product.


  • NSF/ANSI 58
    • Reverse osmosis systems incorporate a process that uses reverse pressure to force water through a semi-permeable membrane. Most reverse osmosis systems incorporate one or more additional filters on either side of the membrane. Filters are certified to reduce a contaminant with a Health Canada and EPA.


  • NSF/ANSI 401
    • Treatment systems for emerging contaminants include both point-of-use and point-of-entry systems that have been verified to reduce one or more of 15 emerging contaminants from drinking water. These emerging contaminants can be pharmaceuticals or chemicals not yet regulated by the EPA or Health Canada.


EcoWater Spokane has all of these certifications, which is why we have been Eastern Washington & Northern Idaho’s trusted water provider. 


CONTACT A WATER EXPERT

DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS

SEE DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS

WATER FILTERS

SEE WATER FILTERS

HOW WE COMPARE

ECOWATER PRODUCTS

ECOWATER


  • Modern and efficient systems


  • Functional pumps


  • Battery backups


  • Remote service available 


  • Innovative designs 


  • Doesn't require service calls for hardness changes


  • Allows you to use an entire tank before the system regenerates


  • Automatically adjusts to water usage patterns 


  • Ecowater's products have smart technology that only uses the required amount of salt based on your water hardness


  • Ecowater System can be repaired with a ballpoint pen in a maximum of 20 minutes


  • Less maintenance requirements and less cost


  • Common systems that are built well


  • Maximizes RO water


  • Membranes do not require sanitation 


  • Monitors cartridge use and provides real-time filter life on indicator and/or smart device


  • EcoWater systems have battery powered wifi connectivity and monitoring 


  • Rids itself of iron contaminants 


  • No products or parts use PFO's or PFA's inside EcoWater equipment


  • PROP-65 compliant 


  • Advanced upflow brining 


  • Softened water doesn't sit exposed 


  • No bad water taste. It rises upwards 


  • EcoWater ERR3700R20 uses less than 1/3 of the salt Culligan systems use. Anywhere from 1.3 LBS to 8.9 LBS


  • EcoWater ERR unit only uses 39 gallons of water to flush itself


  • NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53, NSF 58, NSF 61, NSF 372, and NSF 401 certified


  • Made in the United States


  • Filters are high quality and don't clog


  • Low cost maintenance


  • Systems withstand temperature changes


  • Only uses 1/2 to 1/3 of the salt RainSoft uses EX: EER3700R20 uses 1.3 LBS to 8.9 LBS of salt per generation


  • Helps with sensitive skin, skin conditions, and allergies


  • Water softening units soften water


  • Removes water contaminants


  • No phosphates get in your water


  • Units contain technology that systematically work for their intended purpose


  • Removes hard water


  • No chemicals and other contaminants get into your water


  • Carbon filters only have to be replaced every 36 months


  • Eco-friendly


  • Prevent scale build-up


  • No mixed metal welds to corrode or rot


OTHER WATER TREATMENT PRODUCTS

KINETICO


  • Systems with many tiny parts that make them overcomplex
  • Non-functional well pump 
  • No battery backup
  • No remote service
  • Similar valve designs to valves used back in 1969
  • Requires a service call for hardness changes
  • Units regenerate multiple times per day 
  • Each time the unit regenerates, eater pressure drops
  • There is no monitoring system to tell you how much salt your system is using
  • Meter disk system only permits complete tank exhaustion at certain settings
  • Overcomplicated 59 piece valve that requires expensive maintenance often
  • Easier to replace than repair
  • Wastes filtered water rinsing membrane with RO water
  • Membranes require sanitation, anually causing increased services costs
  • Shuts off after 500 gallons of use, causing inconvenience for those who use more water
  • Filter life is only visible underneath the sink
  • More tubing connections provide more opportunities for leaks
  • No pump (electricity), creating no way to rid itself of iron contaminants


CULLIGAN


  • Outdated wet brining technology 
  • Softened water sits in the unit exposed to the air outside of it 
  • The water is not fresh, and often these units are not kept in clean areas
  • Culligan's metal washer dissolves over time on the float, creating a bad taste
  • Uses anywhere from 6 to 36 LBS of salt per generation 
  • Culligan models use 54 to 183 gallons of water to flush itself
  • Only NSF 44 certified
  • Claims units are "Assembled in the United States," not all parts are made in the United States
  • Offers "in-line filters" to help with problem water. These filters get clogged and are hundreds of dollars to replace


RAINSOFT


  • In + Out valve doesn't flush, will eventually have to be replaced
  • Techs charge hundreds of dollars every 4-5 years to replace the carbon on a RainSoft unit
  • RainSoft models "should not be installed where cold and heat are extreme" causing them to misfit extreme temperature changes
  • Uses a minimum of 2.25 LBS of salt and a maximum of 22 LBS of salt per regeneration 
  • Only NSF 44 certified


PELICAN & AQUASAUNA


  • Pelican & AquaSauna units are not water softeners
  • Polyphosphates + Polycarbonate does not help people with skin conditions or allergies
  • Use Scale inhibitor units, meaning they put polyphosphates + polycarbonates in the water. Nothing is removed from your water
  • As water goes through the system, the phosphates get in to the water and coat your pipes, water heater, and you


NUVO


  • Nuvo units are a 20in filter with citric acid + carbon
  • Does not remove hard water
  • As water goes through the system, deposits, chemicals, and anything in your water coats your pipes, water heater, appliances, and you
  • Does not soften water
  • Carbon filters on Nuvo "softeners" have to be replaced every 6-12 months 
  • Makes the water in your home acidic by adding to the water and not removing an contaminants
  • Claims to be "eco-friendly" but Nuvo filters often end up in landfills


LIFESOURCE


  • LifeSource units are not water softeners. Hardness is not being removed
  • LifeSource filters do not prevent scale build-up
  • Scaling causes build-up in pipes, on glassware, cookware, and stiff laundry
  • Energy costs increase due to the scale build-up in pipes and appliances. Costs increase from excess soap, detergent, and fabric softener usage.
  • Only NSF 42 certified
  • Corroded welds & pin holes commonly found in the LifeSource stainless steel systems cause leaks

START YOUR JOURNEY

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Around 60% of your body is made up of water.


You and your family’s health matters. Prevent water contaminants from invading your house. By following the steps in this comprehensive guide, you’ll have all the information you need to improve your water. 


If you have any questions or would like to start your journey with us, reach us. We at EcoWater Spokane have been perfecting water since 1949. We're your local water experts. 


Start Your Journey

OUR CERTIFICATIONS

CULUS certification mark certification to meet both Canadian (c) and US (us) standards
CSA certification to meet recognized standards for safety or performance in North America and Canada
The CE certification for essential health, safety, and environmental protection requirements (EEA)
CUSA certification for passing the Certified Utility Safety Program (CUSP) and CUSP exam
FCC certification for meeting the Federal Communications Commission's standards
ISO 9001 certification for quality management system (QMS)
NSF certification of quality and safety for products and systems
  • ISO 9001 certification for quality management system (QMS)
  • NSF certification of quality and safety for products and systems
  • CULUS certification mark certification to meet both Canadian (c) and US (us) standards
  • CSA certification to meet recognized standards for safety or performance in North America and Canada
  • The CE certification for essential health, safety, and environmental protection requirements (EEA)
  • CUSA certification for passing the Certified Utility Safety Program (CUSP) and CUSP exam
  • FCC certification for meeting the Federal Communications Commission's standards
  • ISO 9001 certification for quality management system (QMS)
  • NSF certification of quality and safety for products and systems
  • CULUS certification mark certification to meet both Canadian (c) and US (us) standards
  • CSA certification to meet recognized standards for safety or performance in North America and Canada

SOURCES

 Dr. Fry, Rebecca, “Well Water and Health.” UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, sph.unc.edu/superfund-pages/well-water-and-health 

 Environmental Working Group. “EWG’s Tap Water Database: What’s in Your Drinking Water?” Ewg.org, Environmental Working Group, 2010, www.ewg.org/tapwater/ 

 EPA. “US EPA.” US EPA, 2023, www.epa.gov  

 US EPA, OW. “National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.” US EPA, 30 Nov. 2015, www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations  

EcoWater Spokane

1819 East Sprague Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States

509-530-8721

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